Combined square and level



(No Model.)

.A. H. EDWARDS 85 J. HAZARD.

COMBINED SQUARE AND LEVEL Patented Oct. 6, 1896.

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UNITED STATES ATENT FFICE.

ARTHUR H. EDVARDS AND JOHN HAZARD, OF \VHEATLAND, MISSOURI.

COMBINED SQUARE AND LEVEL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 568,751, dated October6, 1896.

Application filed December 10, 1895. Serial No. 571,682. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, ARTHUR H. EDWARDS and JOHN HAZARD, citizens of theUnited States, residing at Wheatland, in the county of Hickory and Stateof Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in aCombined Square and Level; and we do hereby declare the following to bea full, clear,

and exact description of the invention, such as will enable othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in devicesfor squaring and leveling foundations for buildings; and it has for itsobjects, among others, to provide a simple and cheap instrument whichmay be used by the mechanic without the necessity of employing a civilengineer, and by means of which he may readily determine any necessaryor required angle and at the same time insure a perfectly levelfoundation.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will hereinafter appear,and the novel features thereof will be particularly pointed out in theappended claims.

' The invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawings,which, with the letters of reference marked thereon, form" a part ofthis specification, and in which Figure 1 is a plan view of our improvedinstrument. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view through the same fromopposite corners through the reflectors. Fig. 3 is a detail.

Like letters of reference indicate like parts throughout the severalviews.

Referring now to the details of the drawings by letter, A designates arectangular frame adapted to be mounted in any suitable manner upon atripod or any other support. In the upper faces of two right-angledsides of this frame are arranged spirit-levels A and A whereby the framemay be leveled in all directions upon the tripod or support.

Bis a bar, in two separate parts, extending diagonally from one cornerto the other of the frame, and O is an are joining the other two cornersof the frame and graduated upon its upper face in the usual manner. Thisare is secured to the bar B, which is cut away to permit of the passageof the same, a curved slot or opening I) being left at the outer side ofthe said are for the passage of the pointer on the pivotedindicator-arm. This arm D is pivotally mounted on a suitable pivot d inin a circular enlargement D at one corner of the frame beyond the end ofthe bar B, and at its free end has secured thereto the vertical arm Dterminating in the pointer (Z or index-finger, which extends over and ismov able upon the are, as shown. This pivot or screw is disposed exactlyat the center of revolution of the said arm. On this pivot of theindicator-arm is mounted a reflector E, car ried in a suitable frame,the said frame being hinged, as at e, to a plate F, carried by the saidpivot and movable over the upper face of the circular enlargement. Oneleaf of this hinge has an extension f, through which passes vertically aset-screw f, by means of which the vertical position of the reflectormay be varied, but the fixed and movable plates are slotted to allow ofmovement of the set-screwf. This reflector is movable with and by theindicator-arm, and is also mounted for independent movement upon theplate on the upper face of the circular enlargement by means of athumb-screw O, mounted in a suitable support g on the said plate, andengaging a screw-threaded lug g 011 an extension of the lower leaf ofthe hinge of the reflector.

The upper face of the enlargement, as well as the plate on the upperface thereof, is cut away and is angular in form, as shown at G, toallow of the movement of the hinge and the reflector carried therebyindependent of the indicator-arm. At the diametrically opposite cornerof the frame from the large reflector is another reflector H, carried bya suitable frame, which is hinged to a plate h on the upper face of theframe, one portion of said hinge being extended, as shown at h, andthrough which passes a set-screw 1, engaging the lower plate and bymeans of which the position of the reflector with relation to aperpendicular can be readily adjusted.

On the upper face of the bar B, between the are C and the largereflector, are two sights K K, having an opening it therethrough, whichopenings are traversed diametrically by the pin 10, as shown. Atsubstantially diametrically opposite points on the upper face of theframe A, at the corners opposite those occupied by the reflectors, arethe sights L and L, having openings 1 therethrough, which are traversedby the pins Z as shown.

In use the device is placed with the large reflector on the right. Thereflectors are turned up and fastened with their set-screws. Now directthe eye through the sight L, which is located between the two levels,and look at the reflector in front of the same. If the two sightsstanding between the glasses or reflectors on the bar B appear to rise,then the front glass or reflector should be tilted slightly forwardotherwise,it should be tilted backward, this regulation being adjustedby the set-screw hereinbefore described. This should be adjusted untilthe horizontal wires in the sights on the bar 13 and in the sight L arein line with each other. New bring the index to zero on the arc with thepoint on the line, and then turn the tangent-screw at the back of thelarge reflector until the other sight L is in range with the others;then turn the set-screw until the horizontal wire is also in range. Now,when thus adjusted and placed on the tripod and leveled, turn theinstrument so as to bring the known line in range with the sights andthe reflected frame. Now by moving the index to ninety degrees on theare, being careful that the frame does not move, the large reflectorwill reflect a line at right angles and make it also appear in astraight line with the sights, except the sight L, when looking throughthem. So by placing stakes on the lines they are seen through thesights, and the horizontal wires will direct to the level on the stakes.

The advantages of such an instrument as is hereinbefore described willbe apparent and will be readily appreciated by those having occasion touse such instruments. Modifications in detail may be resorted to withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention or sacrificing any of itsadvantages.

\Vhat we claim as new is- 1. A device for the purpose described, comprising a frame carrying an are, a movable index mounted forcodperationtherewith, adjustable reflectors at diametrically opposite corners ofthe frame and sights on said frame, substantially as and for thepurposes specifled.

2. A-device for the purpose described, comprising a frame carrying anare, a movable index mounted for cooperation therewith, adjustablereflectors at diametrically opposite corners of the frame and sights 011said frame, said frame being provided with levels, substantially as andfor the purposes specified.

o. A device for the purpose described, comprising a frame carrying anarc, reflectors at diametrically opposite corners of the frame, sights,and a pivoted index-arm, mounted to move with one of said reflectors,substantially as and for the purposes specified.

4:. A device for the purpose described, comprising a frame carrying anarc,reflectors at diametrically opposite corners of the frame, sights,and a pivoted index-arm, mounted to move with one of said reflectors andmeans for adjusting said reflectors, substantially as and for thepurposes specified.

5. A device for the purpose described, COMP prising a frame carrying anarc, reflectors at diametrically opposite corners of the frame, sights,and a pivoted index-arm mounted to move with one of said reflectors,means for adjusting said reflectors and levels on the up per face ofsaid frame, substantially as and. for the purposes specified.

(j. A device for the purpose described, comprising a frame carrying anare, a pivoted arm, carrying an index, movable over said are, sights onsaid frame, a hinged reflector at one corner and a hinged reflector atthe diametrically opposite corner, mounted. for movement with said arm,substantially as and for the purposes specified.

7. A device for the purpose described, comprising a frame carrying anare, a pivoted arm, carrying an index movable over said are, sights onsaid frame, a hinged reflector at one corner and a hinged reflector atthe diametrically opposite corner, mounted for movement with said arm,and means for movin g the lastmentioned reflector, independent of saidarm, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

8. The combination with the frame carrying an arc and sights disposed asspecified, of levels on the upper face of said frame, a pivoted arm,carrying an index, movable over said are, a hinged reflector at onecorner, with means for adjusting it vertically, a reflector at thediametrically opposite corner, movable with said arm, a hinge on whichsaid reflector is mounted, means for adjusting the vertical position ofthe reflector and means for turning the same about its pivot,independent of said arm, substantially as and for the purposesspecified.

In testimony whereof we have signed this specification in the presenceof two subscribing witnesses.

ARTHUR II. EDlVARDS. JOHN HAZARD.

\Vitn esses:

Anos M. PAXTON, JOHN H. MCCASLIN.

